The Polka Dot Begonia (Begonia maculata) is an herbaceous plant prized for its ornamental foliage and blossoms. It originates from the southeastern region of Brazil, specifically found in the Serra do Mar, thriving within forested areas, partially open spaces, preferably on and among damp rocks, often accompanied by mosses. This begonia grows at elevations ranging up to 1000 meters (3280 feet) above sea level. It features an upright and sparsely branched stem, with wing-shaped leaves displaying a texture ranging between fleshy and leathery.
Typically, the leaves exhibit an olive-green hue on both the upper and lower surfaces. However, in the renowned cultivar ‘Wightii,’ the leaf undersides showcase a deep wine-red color. It’s worth noting that this species boasts natural genetic variability, leading to leaves ranging from green to reddish tones, along with varying degrees of intense red spotting on the undersides, irrespective of crossbreeding or genetic selection. The Polka Dot Begonia’s leaves are further adorned with silver to pearly rounded spots and small markings, enhancing its overall charm. It blooms during the spring and summer, producing pendulous clusters of white to pink flowers.
Embracing the “Urban Jungle” trend, the Polka Dot Begonia has become one of favorites. Thriving in well-lit indoor settings, it showcases spectacularly colored foliage reminiscent of the plants our grandparents cultivated. With its vintage appeal, this begonia has garnered enthusiasts and admirers across Brazil and the world, commanding premium prices in the market. Resilient in nature, the Polka Dot Begonia requires simple care, including the removal of dry and diseased leaves and annual repotting.
For optimal growth, provide the Polka Dot Begonia with abundant filtered light or partial shade, benefiting from the gentle morning sun. An area near an east-facing window is ideal. It thrives in substrates rich in organic matter, ensuring permeability and drainage. A recommended mix includes coconut fiber, crushed and sifted charcoal, sand, and high-quality organic compost. Water the plant regularly, maintaining a moist substrate without overwatering. Allow the substrate surface to dry between waterings.
While the Polka Dot Begonia can tolerate short periods without water and recover from wilting, avoid frequent wilting episodes. Fertilize monthly with quality water-soluble fertilizers, preferably in a 10-10-10 NPK ratio. Alternatively, slow-release organic fertilizers like bokashi, Osmocote, or Basacote can be used. It thrives in tropical heat and humidity but can also flourish in subtropical to temperate regions, as long as it’s shielded from winter cold. Pay attention to relative humidity, aiming to keep the plant’s surroundings above 45%. Propagation is simple through stem or leaf cuttings placed in water or prepared substrate.
